This image shows and adult female Rhinella yunga from the area of Rio Huatziroki.

蟾蜍新种被发现隐藏在秘鲁高温湿润气候带的落叶层。这个词被当地人广泛用于描述山地雨林生态区，并英译为“温暖山谷”。新种Rhinella yunga以其栖息地偏好命名。

这项研究发表在开放获取期刊《ZooKeys》。

像蟾蜍科许多其他蟾蜍一样，新种Rhinella yunga体表隐蔽色类似森林地面上的腐烂落叶（“死叶模式”），并与扩大头盖颈脊和骨突起巧妙地结合为完美的伪装。同种群内不同的颜色和形状致使分类学研究中传统形态学方法难于识别科内真实的物种多样性。然而，Rhinella yunga因没有鼓膜而不同于所有亲缘种，通常在蟾蜍头部的两侧可见到听力器官的圆形膜质部分。

   “看来，还有大量不知名的种隐藏在Rhinella margaritifera种群的一些名义种内，” 捷克共和国布拉格国家博物馆Jiří Moravec博士说。

真正的蟾蜍科蟾蜍其他有趣的特性是有一个典型的多疣、健壮的身体和头后面有一对大毒腺。遇到威胁时蟾蜍排出毒物来作为一种保护机制。一些蟾蜍，像甘蔗蟾蜍Rhinella marina，比其他更毒。雄蟾蜍拥有一个特殊器官，在去除睾丸后成为活跃的卵巢，而蟾蜍则转变为雌性。（编译：中国科学院成都生物研究所 王芋华，王海燕）

A new species of the Rhinella margaritifera species group (Anura, Bufonidae) from the montane forest of the Selva Central, Peru

Abstract  We describe a new species of the bufonid toad genus Rhinella from transition montane forest of the buffer zones of the Yanachaga-Chemillén National Park and the Pui Pui Protected Forest (eastern slopes of Andes, Selva Central, Peru). The new species belongs to the Rhinella margaritifera species group (confirmed by mtDNA data) and differs from all its members by the absence of tympanic membrane and tympanic annulus. It is characterized by medium size (SVL 57.5–65.5 mm, n = 5), moderately developed cranial crests, absence of neural crest of vertebrae, absence of bone protrusion at angle of jaw, presence of lateral rows of enlarged tubercles, and absence of subgular vocal sac and vocal slits in males. In addition, based on the molecular phylogenetic analyses of selected Rhinella species we propose the monophylum containing R. chavin, R. festae, R. macrorhina, R. manu, R. nesiotes, R. rostrata, and R. yanachaga as a new species group under the name Rhinella festae species group.

原文链接：http://www.pensoft.net/J_FILES/1/articles/6580/6580-G-3-layout.pdf